Democracy means “rule by the people.” It’s a way of life that requires compromise and commitment to work: everyone has their role to play, whether they vote, protest or stand for office. It requires good laws, government that is accountable, and a vibrant civic culture. But despite these challenges, democracy remains the most widely accepted form of government in the world today.
Democracy is a key element of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2015, world leaders committed to a future in which “democracy and good governance, including through universal suffrage and free, fair and transparent elections, are promoted and respected as an essential element for sustainable development”.
The word democracy is derived from the Greek words demos (“people”) and kratos (“rule”). It emerged as a political system in ancient Athens and was later spread by the Roman empire. In modern times, the spread of democracy has been accelerated by globalization, a desire for greater freedom and a growing awareness that human rights are universal.
A democratic society has a number of features: everyone is treated equally and with respect, regardless of their origins, beliefs or social status; people can discuss different views openly; people can vote in secret; and people are able to hold elected representatives accountable. There is also a rule of law that is impartial, clear and protects people’s rights. Anyone who is accused of a crime must receive a fair and speedy trial in an independent court.